Occupations/23-1023.00
Judges, Magistrate Judges, and Magistrates
Arbitrate, advise, adjudicate, or administer justice in a court of law. May sentence defendant in criminal cases according to government statutes or sentencing guidelines. May determine liability of defendant in civil cases. May perform wedding ceremonies.
Usually a graduate or professional degree.
AI automation risk
49%
Mixed exposure
Human characteristics
72%
Strong human-characteristic mix
Task orientation
54%
Mixed exposure
A day in this job
- Mostly routine
Monitor proceedings to ensure that all applicable rules and procedures are followed.
- Task
Sentence defendants in criminal cases, on conviction by jury, according to applicable government statutes.
- Task
Instruct juries on applicable laws, direct juries to deduce the facts from the evidence presented, and hear their verdicts.
The tasks we can read here lean routine. That sits next to the AI risk rank — it is not a forecast that the job disappears.
Core tasks
- 01Sentence defendants in criminal cases, on conviction by jury, according to applicable government statutes.
- 02Monitor proceedings to ensure that all applicable rules and procedures are followed.
- 03Instruct juries on applicable laws, direct juries to deduce the facts from the evidence presented, and hear their verdicts.
- 04Write decisions on cases.
- 05Read documents on pleadings and motions to ascertain facts and issues.
- 06Rule on admissibility of evidence and methods of conducting testimony.
Model drivers (O*NET 1–5)
- Repeating same tasks3.31
- Degree of automation2.13
- Time sitting4.79
- Originality (ability)3.00
- Conflict situations4.68
- Hands-on objects/tools1.95
- Outdoors / weather1.31
- Disease exposure1.64
- Decision freedom4.99
Top abilities
- Oral Comprehension4.62
- Deductive Reasoning4.62
- Written Comprehension4.38
- Oral Expression4.25
- Inductive Reasoning4.25
- Written Expression4.12
- Speech Clarity4.12
- Speech Recognition4.00
Essential skills
- Reading Comprehension4.25
- Active Listening5.00
- Writing4.12
- Speaking4.12
- Mathematics2.12
- Science1.75
- Critical Thinking4.88
- Active Learning4.00
- Learning Strategies2.75
- Monitoring3.88
CIP matches
Schools offering related programs
12 of 42 shown
Earnings are College Scorecard medians for that program, 1 and 2 years after completion. A dash means the Department suppressed the cell or the campus is not in the field file.
| Institution | Program | Tuition | Admit | Grad 6-yr | Earnings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Columbia University in the City of New York New York, NY · Private nonprofit | Law 22.0101 | $68,200 | 4% | 96% | 1 yr $185,760 2 yr $180,752 Professional · CIP 22.01 |
New York University New York, NY · Private nonprofit | Law 22.0101 | $60,400 | 12% | 88% | 1 yr $177,207 2 yr $174,714 Professional · CIP 22.01 |
City Colleges of Chicago-Wilbur Wright College Chicago, IL · Public | Law 22.0101 | $4,600 | 100% | 27% | 1 yr $176,087 2 yr $170,971 Professional · CIP 22.01 |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA · Private nonprofit | Law 22.0101 | $60,100 | 4% | 96% | 1 yr $172,423 2 yr $165,340 Professional · CIP 22.01 |
Stanford University Stanford, CA · Private nonprofit | Law 22.0101 | $62,400 | 4% | 96% | 1 yr $163,869 2 yr $170,457 Professional · CIP 22.01 |
University of California-Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA · Public | Law 22.0101 | $13,800 | 9% | 92% | 1 yr $160,316 2 yr $142,470 Professional · CIP 22.01 |
Georgetown University Washington, DC · Private nonprofit | Law 22.0101 | $65,400 | 12% | 95% | 1 yr $145,898 2 yr $119,805 Professional · CIP 22.01 |
University of Michigan-Ann Arbor Ann Arbor, MI · Public | Law 22.0101 | $17,700 | 18% | 93% | 1 yr $145,235 2 yr $139,927 Professional · CIP 22.01 |
University of California-San Diego La Jolla, CA · Public | Law 22.0101 | $15,200 | 24% | 87% | 1 yr $110,067 2 yr $101,128 Professional · CIP 22.01 |
Boston University Boston, MA · Private nonprofit | Law 22.0101 | $65,200 | 14% | 89% | 1 yr $109,286 2 yr $92,743 Professional · CIP 22.01 |
The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX · Public | Law 22.0101 | $11,700 | 31% | 88% | 1 yr $106,117 2 yr $100,607 Professional · CIP 22.01 |
University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA · Private nonprofit | Law 22.0101 | $68,200 | 12% | 92% | 1 yr $99,325 2 yr $101,072 Professional · CIP 22.01 |